What are its basic principles of Hinduism?
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Briefly, the principles of Hinduism may be stated as follows:
The ultimate reality of the universe is one
and not more than one.
The nature of this reality is spiritual in
the sense of Intelligence or Consciousness.
Therefore, this reality is Universal, Omnipresent, and hence at once Omniscient
and Omnipotent.
Creation is a veritable Body of this All-pervading
Almighty Omnipresence.
The relationship between this reality, which is called
God, and the created universe is intrinsic, organic and vital, and not external
or mechanistic.
There are several planes in this creation, broadly
classified into fourteen realms known as lokas, all which are inhabited by
different categories of beings, right from the lowest level of the physical
elements up to the region of the Creator Himself.
In the sense stated above, the whole universe and
all beings are vehicles of divinity and radiant with the immanent Godhead, all
potentially having the birthright of attaining union with the Supreme Almighty
through gradual evolution.
The human being is one such created species among
the many others which are said to run to 84 lakhs in number.
Man, thus, occupies a stage in the process of a
still higher ascent and he is not the end of creation or evolution.
The human life is to be organised by the
integrating principles of dharma (moral value), artha (material value), kama
(vital value) and moksha (spiritual value), the last one mentioned being in
fact the infinite value of existence.
Society is also to be brought into a united force
of hierarchy through mutual cooperation by the application of what is known as
Varnashrama-dharma, which means the arrangement of society into classes of
spiritual power, political power, economic power and man-power, known usually
as Brahmans, Kshatriya, Vaisya and Sudra, and the order of life into the levels
of education, the performance of the duties of life, withdrawal from personal
attachments, and attainment of spiritual illumination, which stages go by the
names of Brahmacharya, Garhasthya, Vanaprastha and Sannyasa.
Every faith, cult, creed, belief, religion or
outlook represents a facet or phase of the evolving consciousness in the
process of the universe, thus transforming life in the world, nay, life in the
universe itself, into a wide family of internally related and mutually
cooperating members who have all a system of obligations and duties, excluding
nothing but including everything, finally with the purpose of universal
spiritual realisation.
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Edited from the article written by H.H Swami Sivananda.